Collin+Mc

= __Poor Waste Management__ =

= __Helpful websites:__ =

1. []

2. []

3. []

4. []

= __People to Contact:__ =

3. Rumpke
= __Questions to Ask:__ =

=== 1. What are the steps that you go through every day to make sure the water that the people of Cincinnati consume every day is clean? [chart] === 2. What are some health hazards that can happen with poor waste management? [my aunt] 3. About how long does it take for you to purify a bottle of water? [cww] 4. I have studied your chart on how the water is purified, but I am confused on how the granular activated carbon removes organics, what does that mean, how does that work, and how it is now transferred to the furnace?

= __Facts on Poor Waste Management in Rome:__ =

3. Poorer-quality water was used in the public baths.
===4. The Romans had a complex system of sewers that were covered by stones much like the modern covers found on streets. === ===5. When waste was flushed from the toilets, it flowed through a central channel into the main sewage system, which then flowed into a nearby river or stream. ===

6. The first sewers of ancient Rome are estimated to have been built between 800 and 735 B.C.
=== 7. Eventually a law, called the Dejecti Effusive Act, was passed to protect innocent bystanders from assault with wastes being thrown out into the street. This law was only enforced in the daytime, presumably because one then lacked an excuse, such as the darkness, for injuring **another by careless disposal of their waste. ** === === **8. **In general, the poor used pots that they were supposed to empty into the sewer, or visited public latrines, which were the early form of the toilet. Latrines unintentionally became places for socializing. Long bench-like seats with keyhole-shaped openings cut in rows offered little privacy. Some latrines were free, for others small charges were made. ===

= __ Facts on Poor Waste Management Today: __ =

1. How we deal with waste management today is by having landfills, recycling, composting, sewage treatment, and incineration. 2. Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from the solution. 3. Most water is purified for human consumption. 4. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Water purification may also be made for a variety of other purposes, including meeting the requirements of medical, pharmacology, chemical and industrial applications. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">5. Sewage includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',sans-serif; line-height: 24px;">6. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Raised incidence of low birth weight births has been related to residence near landfill sites. <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">7. Studies of cancer incidence and mortality in populations around landfill sites or incinerators have rose.

=<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',sans-serif; line-height: 24px;">__Email I sent to Cincinnati Water Works:__ =

<span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> Hello, my name is Collin McAninch, and I am a 7th grader at Nagel Middle School. In my Social Studies class, we have been assigned a project to use the technology we have to solve the problems of Rome. My topic is Poor Waste Management. I have a few questions on water purification that I was hoping you could answer to help me gain greater knowledge. ===

<span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #0000ff; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> 1. How long does it take you to purify one bottle of water
===<span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #0000ff; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">2. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">I have studied your chart on how the water is purified, but I am confused on how the granular activated carbon removes organics, what does that mean, how does that work, and how it is now transferred to the furnace? ===

<span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #0000ff; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Collin McAninch
=__<span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #0000ff;">Email Back From Cincinnati Water Works: __=

<span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Hi Collin, <span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">It takes about 3 days for water to travel through our entire Treatment Plant. <span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Most of that time, approximately 2 ½ days, the water is stored in our reservoirs. <span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">In those 3 days we are typically treating approximately 360 million gallons of water. <span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">So I guess you could say it takes 3 days to purify a bottle of water but we are treating many bottles of water all at the same time.

<span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Below is a diagram of a granular activated carbon granule:

<span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">

<span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The blue dots represent organic compounds. Organic compounds could be man-made chemicals that might be present in the River. Organic compounds could also be naturally occurring compounds that result from the decay of leaves or other organic matter. Either way, we want to remove them from the water. <span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The granular activated carbon can be thought of as a sponge. The carbon is not soft like a sponge. As you can see in the diagram, however, there are many pores or openings inside the carbon similar to a sponge. In fact, one pound of granular activated carbon has the surface area of about five football fields. The surface area includes all that white space you see inside the granular activated carbon granule. <span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The organic compounds get trapped inside all those pores. This is called absorption. In addition, the organic compounds stick to the carbon as well. This is called adsorption. <span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">These two processes, absorption and adsorption, are how the organic compounds are removed from the water.

<span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">I am also attaching a picture of some actual granular activated carbon. As you can see, it is similar in size to a coarse sand.

<span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">

<span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #0018ff; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">As the water is being treated, it flows through a large tank that is filled with granular activated carbon. After awhile, the carbon gets filled with the organic compounds that have been removed from the water. We then pump the carbon through pipes in a carbon / water mixture or slurry to the furnace. The carbon is heated inside the furnace. The heat removes the organic compounds. The carbon can then be pumped back and reused to remove more organic matter from the water.

<span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #1f497d; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> I hope this has answered your questions and thank you for your inquiry ! <span style="background-color: #f1f1f1; color: #222222; display: block; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">

= __Call with Rumpke:__ =

A: Rumpke takes the recyclables to the recycling center where they separate it by type. Then they send it to the manufacturers to be resold/remade.
= __Call with Cincinnati Water Works:__ =

Q: <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',sans-serif;">About how long does it take for you to purify a bottle of water?
<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',sans-serif;">A: 3 1/2 days.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',sans-serif;">Q: I have studied your chart on how the water is purified, but I am confused on how the granular activated carbon removes organics, what does that mean, how does that work, and how it is now transferred to the furnace? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',sans-serif;">A: The surface area of the carbon grabs the contaminants and the contaminants go through the filter with the carbon.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',sans-serif;">Q: How would you rate the technology you have at Cincinnati Water Works? <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Arial Black',sans-serif;">A: Excellent! We are on of the only Water Works that have a granular activated carbon machine.

=__ Email From My Aunt: __=

<span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Hey hun it is Aunt Sissy, <span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">I hope this is what you are looking for: <span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Cryptosporidia is the main organism that is in the US water suppy occasionally <span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Giardia from streams or water fountains, e coli and ameoba and parasites in developing countries. <span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">They all cause varying diarrheal diseases which if untreated can lead to dehydration and associated complication that can be very serious. <span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Leptospirosis (multisystem, involving several systems of the body, febrile illness) and Naelgeria (ameobic meningitis) are more related to swimming in fresh water in the us,and are rare. <span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Schistosomiasis (causes a variety of diseases) and guinea worm are from swimming in fresh water in developing countries. <span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #1155cc; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">cdc.gov <span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> should have web pages on each of these. <span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Hope that helps a little.

<span style="background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.917969); color: #000000; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">Aunt Sissy

=<span style="color: #0015ff; font-family: arial,sans-serif;">__Pictures:__ =

=<span style="color: #0015ff; font-family: arial,sans-serif;"> = = = =__ Link to Podcast: __=

[] =__ Cited Sources: __=

1 . "Sanitation in Ancient Rome." // Tebyan // . N.p., October 25, 2010. Web. 7 Feb 2012. <http://www.tebyan.net/Nutrition_Health/BodyHealth/MedicalKnowHow/Articles/2010/10/25/141582.html>.
=== 2. Hamper, Rich. "Roman Sanitation." // The Dimension //. N.p., Sunday, January 20, 2008. Web. February 7, 2012. <http://www.therthdimension.org/AncientRome/Roman_Sanitation/roman_sanitation.htm>. ===