Maddie+S


 * Poor Waste Management**


 * Helpful Websites I used were **

2.)http://wanttoknowit.com/how-does-recycling-help-the-environment/
__SAN FRANCISCO__ COMPOSTING LAW: [] --Maddie, use this to help you understand how a city in the US forced their citizens to compost.--Miss Place
 * People To Contact! **


 * 1.) Rumpke **
 * 2.) Forest Green **
 * 3.) EPA **

**2.)The Romans' waste management systems were better than those in middle ages.** **3.)Early Roman Republic was concerned with the extension of the city's water suply.** **4.)Romans were concerned with locating good water supplies .** **5.) Particularly in Rome, they used the water to flush their sewers.** **6.)Romans Had a complex system of sewers that were covered by stones much like the modern covers found on the streets.** **7.)The first sewers of Ancient Rome are estimated to have been built between 800 and 735 B.C** Social Studies Recycle Facts Feb. 3, 2012
 * 7 Facts **
 * 1.) The Romans' waste treatment management practices were the most developed of any civilization prior to the nineteenth century **

Information found on EPA! Benefits of Recycling What is Recycling? Recycling includes collecting recyclable materials that would otherwise be considered waste, sorting and processing recyclables into raw materials such as fibers, manufacturing raw materials into new products, and purchasing recycled products. Steps of recycling Step 1. Collection and Processing Collecting recyclables varies from community to community, but there are four primary methods: curbside, drop-off centers, buy-back centers, and deposit/refund programs.
 * Recycling protects and expands US manufacturing jobs and increases US competitiveness.
 * Recycling reduces the need for landfilling and incineration.
 * Recycling prevents pollution caused by the manufacturing of products from virgin materials.
 * Recycling saves energy.
 * Recycling decreases emissions of greenhouse gases that contribute to global climate change.
 * Recycling conserves natural resources such as timber, water, and minerals.
 * Recycling helps sustain the environment for future generations
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">Recycling turns materials that would otherwise become waste into valuable resources. Collecting used bottles, cans, and newspapers and taking them to the curb or to a collection facility is just the first in a series of steps that generates a host of financial, environmental, and social returns. Some of these benefits accrue locally as well as globally.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">Regardless of the method used to collect the recyclables, the next leg of their journey is usually the same. Recyclables are sent to a materials recovery facility to be sorted and prepared into marketable commodities for manufacturing. Recyclables are bought and sold just like any other commodity, and prices for the materials change and fluctuate with the market.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">Step 2. Manufacturing <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">Once cleaned and separated, the recyclables are ready to undergo the second part of the recycling loop. More and more of today’s products are being manufactured with total or partial recycled content. Common household items that contain recycled materials include newspapers and paper towels; aluminum, plastic, and glass soft drink containers; steel cans; and plastic laundry detergent bottles. Recycled materials also are used in innovative applications such as recovered glass in roadway asphalt (glass halt) or recovered plastic in carpeting, park benches, and pedestrian bridges.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">Step 3. Purchasing Recycled Products <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">Purchasing recycled products completes the recycling loop. By “buying recycled,” governments, as well as businesses and individual consumers, each play an important role in making the recycling process a success. As consumers demand more environmentally sound products, manufacturers will continue to meet that demand by producing high-quality recycled products. Learn more about recycling terminology and to find tips on identifying recycled products. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">Reduce waste by making smart decisions when purchasing products, including the consideration of product packaging. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">Reuse containers and products. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">Recycle materials ranging from paper to food scraps, yard trimmings, and electronics. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">Purchase products manufactured with recycled content. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;"> Composting <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">1.) Compost is organic material that can be used as a soil amendment or as a medium to grow plants. Mature compost is a stable material with content called humus that is dark brown or black and has a soil-like, earthy smell. It is created by: combining organic wastes (e.g., yard trimmings, food wastes, manures) in proper ratios into piles, rows, or vessels; adding bulking agents (e.g., wood chips) as necessary to accelerate the breakdown of organic materials; and allowing the finished material to fully stabilize and mature through a curing process. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">2.) Yard trimmings and food residuals together constitute 27 percent of the US municipal solid waste stream. That’s a lot of waste to send to landfills when it could become useful and environmentally beneficial compost instead <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">3.) Compost helps prevent pollution

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">Questions? <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">Answer: Usually, clear glass containers are recycled into new clear glass products, <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">Answer: Compost use can result in a variety of environmental benefits. The following are a few of the most important benefits:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">1.) ** **<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">How are recycled products are cleaned, separated, and then produced to be used again? **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">2.) Specific benefits of composting to the environment other than reducing landfill waste? **

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">1) Compost enriches soils.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">2) Compost has the ability to help regenerate poor soils. The composting process encourages the production of beneficial micro-organisms (mainly bacteria and fungi) which in turn break down organic matter to create humus. Humus--a rich nutrient-filled material--increases the nutrient content in soils and helps soils retain moisture. Compost has also been shown to suppress plant diseases and pests, reduce or eliminate the need for chemical fertilizers, and promote higher yields of agricultural crops.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">3) Compost helps cleanup (remediate) contaminated soil. The composting process has been shown to absorb odors and treat semivolatile and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including heating fuels, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and explosives. It has also been shown to bind heavy metals and prevent them from migrating to water resources or being absorbed by plants. The compost process degrades and, in some cases, completely eliminates wood preservatives, pesticides, and both chlorinated and nonchlorinated hydrocarbons in contaminated soils

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">Answer: Yes
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial Narrow',sans-serif;">3.) Do you think a whole city or even society can enforce composting? If so, how would they do this? **